April 2005
Scientists in Rockville, Maryland, are on the verge of creating life, according to the magazine Science. The research team has been investigating the simplest free-living organism there is, Mycoplasma genitalium. This bacterium only has just over five hundred genes and the research team found that only three hundred to three hundred and fifty of them were necessary for life. The technique to discover this involved knocking out each gene in turn to find out whether this affected the bacterium’s growth. The head of the team said that a third of the essential genes for life had been unknown before.
Having discovered the basic genes, the researchers can now propose the creation of life using man-made genes and chromosomes. They would insert these elements into a chemical ‘soup’ in which the genes would create a new life form.
The proposal to create new life has provoked an urgent discussion between bioethicists who say the research brings up questions relating to the meaning of life and whether new life forms should be created which might be used in biological weapons.
The question of what is human and what is not is put in question if all forms of life share the same set of basic genes.